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Chiral carbene–borane adducts: precursors for borenium catalysts for asymmetric FLP hydrogenations

Lam, Jolie, Gunther, Benjamin A. R., Farrell, Jeffrey M., Eisenberger, Patrick, Bestvater, Brian P., Newman, Paul D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1808-1211, Melen, Rebecca L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3142-2831, Crudden, Cathleen M. and Stephan, Douglas W. 2016. Chiral carbene–borane adducts: precursors for borenium catalysts for asymmetric FLP hydrogenations. Dalton Transactions 45 (39) , pp. 15303-15316. 10.1039/C6DT02202B

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Abstract

The carbene derived from (1R,3S)-camphoric acid was used to prepare the borane adduct with Piers’ borane 7. Subsequent hydride abstraction gave the borenium cation 8. Adducts with 9-BBN and the corresponding (1R,3S)-camphoric acid-derived carbene bearing increasingly sterically demanding N-substituents (R = Me 9, Et 10, i-Pr 11) and the corresponding borenium cations 12–14 were also prepared. These cations were not active as catalysts in hydrogenation, although 9–11 were shown to undergo carbene ring expansion reactions at 50 °C to give species 15–17. The IBOX-carbene precursors 18 and 19 derived from amino alcohols (S)-valinol and (S)-tert-leucinol (R = i-Pr, t-Bu) were used to prepare borane adducts 20–23. Reaction of the carbenes 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene (IMe), 1,3-di-iso-propylimidazol-2-ylidene (IPr) 1-benzyl-3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene (IBnMe), 1-methyl-3-phenylimidazol-2-ylidene (IPhMe) and 1-tert-butyl-3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene (ItBuMe) with diisopinocampheylborane (Ipc2BH) gave chiral adducts: (IMe)(Ipc2BH) 24, (IPr)(Ipc2BH) 25, (IBnMe)(Ipc2BH) 26, (IPhMe)(Ipc2BH) 27, and (ItBuMe)(Ipc2BH) 28. Triazolylidene-type adducts including the (10)-phenyl-9-borabicyclo [3.3.2]decane adduct of 1,3,4-triphenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazolium, rac-29 and the 9-BBN derivative of (S)-2-amino-2′-methoxy-1,1′-binaphthalene-1,2,3-triazolium 34a/b were also prepared. In catalytic studies of these systems, while several species were competent catalysts for imine reduction, in general, low enantioselectivities, ranging from 1–20% ee, were obtained. The implications for chiral borenium cation catalyst design are considered.

Item Type: Article
Date Type: Publication
Status: Published
Schools: Chemistry
Subjects: Q Science > QD Chemistry
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISSN: 1477-9226
Date of First Compliant Deposit: 1 July 2016
Date of Acceptance: 22 June 2016
Last Modified: 05 May 2023 19:22
URI: https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/92125

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