Systematic phenomics analysis deconvolutes genes mutated in intellectual disability into biologically coherent modules

Kochinke, Korinna, Zweier, Christiane, Nijhof, Bonnie, Fenckova, Michaela, Cizek, Pavel, Honti, Frank, Keerthikumar, Shivakumar, Oortveld, Merel A. W., Kleefstra, Tjitske, Kramer, Jamie M., Webber, Caleb ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8063-7674, Huynen, Martijn A. and Schenck, Annette 2016. Systematic phenomics analysis deconvolutes genes mutated in intellectual disability into biologically coherent modules. American Journal of Human Genetics 98 (1) , pp. 149-164. 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.11.024

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Abstract

Intellectual disability (ID) disorders are genetically and phenotypically extremely heterogeneous. Can this complexity be depicted in a comprehensive way as a means of facilitating the understanding of ID disorders and their underlying biology? We provide a curated database of 746 currently known genes, mutations in which cause ID (ID-associated genes [ID-AGs]), classified according to ID manifestation and associated clinical features. Using this integrated resource, we show that ID-AGs are substantially enriched with co-expression, protein-protein interactions, and specific biological functions. Systematic identification of highly enriched functional themes and phenotypes revealed typical phenotype combinations characterizing process-defined groups of ID disorders, such as chromatin-related disorders and deficiencies in DNA repair. Strikingly, phenotype classification efficiently breaks down ID-AGs into subsets with significantly elevated biological coherence and predictive power. Custom-made functional Drosophila datasets revealed further characteristic phenotypes among ID-AGs and specific clinical classes. Our study and resource provide systematic insights into the molecular and clinical landscape of ID disorders, represent a significant step toward overcoming current limitations in ID research, and prove the utility of systematic human and cross-species phenomics analyses in highly heterogeneous genetic disorders.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	Published
Schools:	Medicine
Publisher:	Elsevier (Cell Press)
ISSN:	0002-9297
Date of Acceptance:	25 November 2015
Last Modified:	09 Nov 2022 09:27
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/135781

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