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Role of Bacillus anthracis spore structures in macrophage cytokine responses

Basu, Subhendu, Kang, Tae Jin, Chen, Wilbur H., Fenton, Matthew J., Baillie, Les ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-223X, Hibbs, Steve and Cross, Alan S. 2007. Role of Bacillus anthracis spore structures in macrophage cytokine responses. Infection and Immunity 75 (5) , pp. 2351-2358. 10.1128/IAI.01982-06

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Abstract

The innate immune response of macrophages (M{phi}) to spores, the environmentally acquired form of Bacillus anthracis, is poorly characterized. We therefore examined the early M{phi} cytokine response to B. anthracis spores, before germination. M{phi} were exposed to bacilli and spores of Sterne strain 34F2 and its congenic nongerminating mutant ({Delta}gerH), and cytokine expression was measured by real-time PCR and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The exosporium spore layer was retained (exo+) or removed by sonication (exo–). Spores consistently induced a strong cytokine response, with the exo– spores eliciting a two- to threefold-higher response than exo+ spores. The threshold for interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) production by wild-type M{phi} was significantly lower than that required for tumor necrosis factor alpha expression. Cytokine production was largely dependent on MyD88, suggesting Toll-like receptor involvement; however, the expression of beta interferon in MyD88–/– M{phi} suggests involvement of a MyD88-independent pathway. We conclude that (i) the B. anthracis spore is not immunologically inert, (ii) the exosporium masks epitopes recognized by the M{phi}, (iii) the M{phi} cytokine response to B. anthracis involves multiple pattern recognition receptors and signaling pathways, and (iv) compared to other cytokines, IL-1ß is expressed at a lower spore concentration.

Item Type: Article
Date Type: Publication
Status: Published
Schools: Pharmacy
ISSN: 00199567
Last Modified: 17 Oct 2022 08:45
URI: https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/961

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