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States, frauds, and the threat of transnational organized crime

Levi, Michael ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2131-2882 2012. States, frauds, and the threat of transnational organized crime. Journal of International Affairs 66 (1) , pp. 37-48.

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Abstract

Fraud and corruption are very serious threats to some states and are harmful to all; however, this threat is seldom connected to transnational organized crime (TOC). We cannot examine social problems in a vacuum; we have to construct images of threats through the lens of the social and political threats posed by different aspects of crime and its organization. Harm and threat are not just about their economic cost, but also about how different phenomena hurt our confidence that we can control our surroundings and our future expectations. This anxiety can affect entities such as nation states or even trans-state entities such as “Ummah Wahidah”—the Islamic global community. The aim of this article is threefold: to disentangle the real and imagined threats of fraud, detail the involvement of transnational organized crime groups in fraud, and determine who or what can be reasonably described as threatened by these phenomena. This article rejects the implicit binary view that states are either threatened or not threatened, referring rather to a scale of threat to both states and different sectors within the state. This article critiques the value of Moisés Naím’s concept of ‘mafia state’ to explaining and understanding fraud.

Item Type: Article
Date Type: Publication
Status: Published
Schools: Cardiff Centre for Crime, Law and Justice (CCLJ)
Social Sciences (Includes Criminology and Education)
Subjects: H Social Sciences > HJ Public Finance
H Social Sciences > HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare
J Political Science > JA Political science (General)
J Political Science > JX International law
Publisher: Columbia University, New York
Related URLs:
Last Modified: 25 Oct 2022 09:19
URI: https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/58061

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