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Generation of cell polarity in plants links endocytosis, auxin distribution and cell fate decisions [Letter]

Dhonukshe, Pankaj, Tanaka, Hirokazu, Goh, Tatsuaki, Ebine, Kazuo, Mahonen, Ari Pekka, Prasad, Kalika, Blilou, Ikram, Geldner, Niko, Xu, Jian, Uemura, Tomohiro, Chory, Joanne, Ueda, Takashi, Nakano, Akihiko, Scheres, Ben ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5400-9578 and Friml, Jiri 2008. Generation of cell polarity in plants links endocytosis, auxin distribution and cell fate decisions [Letter]. Nature 456 (7224) , 962-U75. 10.1038/nature07409

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Abstract

Dynamically polarized membrane proteins define different cell boundaries and have an important role in intercellular communication—a vital feature of multicellular development. Efflux carriers for the signalling molecule auxin from the PIN family1 are landmarks of cell polarity in plants and have a crucial involvement in auxin distribution-dependent development including embryo patterning, organogenesis and tropisms2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Polar PIN localization determines the direction of intercellular auxin flow8, yet the mechanisms generating PIN polarity remain unclear. Here we identify an endocytosis-dependent mechanism of PIN polarity generation and analyse its developmental implications. Real-time PIN tracking showed that after synthesis, PINs are initially delivered to the plasma membrane in a non-polar manner and their polarity is established by subsequent endocytic recycling. Interference with PIN endocytosis either by auxin or by manipulation of the Arabidopsis Rab5 GTPase pathway prevents PIN polarization. Failure of PIN polarization transiently alters asymmetric auxin distribution during embryogenesis and increases the local auxin response in apical embryo regions. This results in ectopic expression of auxin pathway-associated root-forming master regulators in embryonic leaves and promotes homeotic transformation of leaves to roots. Our results indicate a two-step mechanism for the generation of PIN polar localization and the essential role of endocytosis in this process. It also highlights the link between endocytosis-dependent polarity of individual cells and auxin distribution-dependent cell fate establishment for multicellular patterning.

Item Type: Article
Date Type: Publication
Status: Published
Schools: Biosciences
Subjects: Q Science > QK Botany
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
ISSN: 0028-0836
Last Modified: 25 Oct 2022 09:13
URI: https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/57705

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