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A jet-driven, extreme high-velocity outflow powered by a cold, low-luminosity protostar near NGC 2023

Sandell, G., Avery, L. W., Baas, F., Coulson, I., Dent, W. R. F., Friberg, P., Gear, Walter Kieran ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6789-6196, Greaves, J., Holland, W., Jenness, T., Jewell, P., Lightfoot, J., Matthews, H. E., Moriarty-Schieven, G., Prestage, R., Robson, E. I., Stevens, J., Tilanus, R. P. J. and Watt, G. D. 1999. A jet-driven, extreme high-velocity outflow powered by a cold, low-luminosity protostar near NGC 2023. Astrophysical Journal 519 (1) , pp. 236-243. 10.1086/307367

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Abstract

We have discovered an extreme high-velocity bipolar CO outflow in the vicinity of NGC 2023, with total outflow velocities of ~200 km s-1. At very high velocities this outflow is jetlike with an opening angle ≤4°, while it shows a separate outflow lobe at low velocities. The outflow is bipolar and exhibits a clear mirror symmetry, which suggests that the source powering the outflow is episodic or precessing. The dynamical timescales for the outflow are ≤3000 yr. We identify the source driving the CO jet with a deeply embedded low-luminosity submillimeter double source (separation ~23''), where the primary component lies on the symmetry axis of the outflow and has all the signatures of a "class 0" protostellar object. Analysis of molecular data and (sub)millimeter photometry suggests that the driving source is cold and compact, with a luminosity of lesssim10 L☉ and a total mass of 1.8-4.6 M☉. It has no near-IR counterpart, it drives an extremely young outflow, and it emits a large fraction of its luminosity in the submillimeter regime. Both millimeter sources have low dust emissivity, β ~ 0.8-1.3, similar to what is found for other class 0 objects, while the surrounding molecular cloud core appears to have a β ~ 2.0, the canonical value for "normal" interstellar dust in the submillimeter regime.

Item Type: Article
Date Type: Publication
Status: Published
Schools: Physics and Astronomy
Subjects: Q Science > QB Astronomy
Uncontrolled Keywords: ISM: individual (NGC 2023); ISM: jets and outflows; ISM: molecules; stars: pre-main sequence
Publisher: Institute of Physics Science
ISSN: 0004-637X
Last Modified: 21 Oct 2022 09:17
URI: https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/35860

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