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Observation of a kilogram-scale oscillator near its quantum ground state

Abbott, B., Abbott, R., Adhikari, R., Ajith, P., Allen, B., Allen, G., Amin, R., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Arain, M. A., Araya, M., Armandula, H., Armor, P., Aso, Y., Aston, S., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., Babak, S., Ballmer, S., Bantilan, H., Barish, B. C., Barker, C., Barker, D., Barr, B., Barriga, P., Barton, M. A., Bastarrika, M., Bayer, K., Betzwieser, J., Beyersdorf, P. T., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Biswas, R., Black, E., Blackburn, K., Blackburn, L., Blair, D., Bland, B., Bodiya, T. P., Bogue, L., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Brady, P. R., Braginsky, V. B., Brau, J. E., Brinkmann, M., Brooks, A., Brown, D. A., Brunet, G., Bullington, A., Buonanno, A., Burmeister, O., Byer, R. L., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Camp, J. B., Cannizzo, J., Cannon, K., Cao, J., Cardenas, L., Casebolt, T., Castaldi, G., Cepeda, C., Chalkley, E., Charlton, P., Chatterji, S., Chelkowski, S., Chen, Y., Christensen, N., Clark, D., Clark, J., Cokelaer, Thomas, Conte, R., Cook, D., Corbitt, T., Coyne, D., Creighton, J. D. E., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cutler, R. M., Dalrymple, J., Danilishin, S., Danzmann, K., Davies, Geraint, DeBra, D., Degallaix, J., Degree, M., Dergachev, V., Desai, S., DeSalvo, R., Dhurandhar, S., Díaz, M., Dickson, J., Dietz, Alexander, Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doomes, E. E., Drever, R. W. P., Duke, I., Dumas, J.-C., Dupuis, R. J., Dwyer, J. G., Echols, C., Effler, A., Ehrens, P., Espinoza, E., Etzel, T., Evans, T., Fairhurst, Stephen ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8480-1961, Fan, Y., Fazi, D., Fehrmann, H., Fejer, M. M., Finn, L. S., Flasch, K., Fotopoulos, N., Freise, A., Frey, R., Fricke, T., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fyffe, M., Garofoli, J., Gholami, I., Giaime, J. A., Giampanis, S., Giardina, K. D., Goda, K., Goetz, E., Goggin, L., González, G., Gossler, S., Gouaty, R., Grant, A., Gras, S., Gray, C., Gray, M., Greenhalgh, R. J. S., Gretarsson, A. M., Grimaldi, F., Grosso, R., Grote, H., Grunewald, S., Guenther, M., Gustafson, E. K., Gustafson, R., Hage, B., Hallam, J. M., Hammer, D., Hanna, C., Hanson, J., Harms, J., Harry, G., Harstad, E., Hayama, K., Hayler, T., Heefner, J., Heng, I. S., Hennessy, M., Heptonstall, A., Hewitson, M., Hild, S., Hirose, E., Hoak, D., Hosken, D., Hough, J., Huttner, S. H., Ingram, D., Ito, M., Ivanov, A., Johnson, B., Johnson, W. W., Jones, D. I., Jones, Gareth, Jones, R., Ju, L., Kalmus, P., Kalogera, V., Kamat, S., Kanner, J., Kasprzyk, D., Katsavounidis, E., Kawabe, K., Kawamura, S., Kawazoe, F., Kells, W., Keppel, D. G., Khalili, F. Ya, Khan, R., Khazanov, E., Kim, C., King, P., Kissel, J. S., Klimenko, S., Kokeyama, K., Kondrashov, V., Kopparapu, R. K., Kozak, D., Kozhevatov, I., Krishnan, B., Kwee, P., Lam, P. K., Landry, M., Lang, M. M., Lantz, B., Lazzarini, A., Lei, M., Leindecker, N., Leonhardt, V., Leonor, I., Libbrecht, K., Lin, H., Lindquist, P., Lockerbie, N. A., Lodhia, D., Lormand, M., Lu, P., Lubinski, M., Lucianetti, A., Lück, H., Machenschalk, B., MacInnis, M., Mageswaran, M., Mailand, K., Mandic, V., Márka, S., Márka, Z., Markosyan, A., Markowitz, J., Maros, E., Martin, I., Martin, R. M., Marx, J. N., Mason, K., Matichard, F., Matone, L., Matzner, R., Mavalvala, N., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D. E., McGuire, S. C., McHugh, M., McIntyre, G., McIvor, G., McKechan, David, McKenzie, K., Meier, T., Melissinos, A., Mendell, G., Mercer, R. A., Meshkov, S., Messenger, Christopher, Meyers, D., Miao, H., Miller, J., Minelli, J., Mitra, S., Mitrofanov, V. P., Mitselmakher, G., Mittleman, R., Miyakawa, O., Moe, B., Mohanty, S., Moreno, G., Mossavi, K., Mow-Lowry, C., Mueller, G., Mukherjee, S., Mukhopadhyay, H., Müller-Ebhardt, H., Munch, J., Murray, P., Myers, E., Myers, J., Nash, T., Nelson, J., Newton, G., Nishizawa, A., Numata, K., O'Dell, J., Ogin, G., O'Reilly, B., O'Shaughnessy, R., Ottaway, D. J., Ottens, R. S., Overmier, H., Owen, B. J., Pan, Y., Pankow, C., Papa, M. A., Parameshwaraiah, V., Patel, P., Pedraza, M., Penn, S., Perreca, A., Petrie, T., Pinto, I. M., Pitkin, M., Pletsch, H. J., Plissi, M. V., Postiglione, F., Principe, M., Prix, R., Quetschke, V., Raab, F., Rabeling, D. S., Radkins, H., Rainer, N., Rakhmanov, M., Ramsunder, M., Rehbein, H., Reid, S., Reitze, D. H., Riesen, R., Riles, K., Rivera, B., Robertson, N. A., Robinson, Craig Anthony, Robinson, E. L., Roddy, S., Rodriguez, A., Rogan, A. M., Rollins, J., Romano, Joseph David, Romie, J., Route, R., Rowan, S., Rüdiger, A., Ruet, L., Russell, P., Ryan, K., Sakata, S., Samidi, M., Sancho de la Jordana, L., Sandberg, V., Sannibale, V., Saraf, S., Sarin, P., Sathyaprakash, Bangalore Suryanarayana ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3845-7586, Sato, S., Saulson, P. R., Savage, R., Savov, P., Schediwy, S. W., Schilling, R., Schnabel, R., Schofield, R., Schutz, Bernard Frederick ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9487-6983, Schwinberg, P., Scott, S. M., Searle, A. C., Sears, B., Seifert, F., Sellers, D., Sengupta, Anand Sankar, Shawhan, P., Shoemaker, D. H., Sibley, A., Siemens, X., Sigg, D., Sinha, S., Sintes, A. M., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Slutsky, J., Smith, J. R., Smith, M. R., Smith, N. D., Somiya, K., Sorazu, B., Stein, L. C., Stochino, A., Stone, R., Strain, K. A., Strom, D. M., Stuver, A., Summerscales, T. Z., Sun, K.-X., Sung, M., Sutton, Patrick J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1614-3922, Takahashi, H., Tanner, D. B., Taylor, R., Taylor, R., Thacker, J., Thorne, K. A., Thorne, K. S., Thüring, A., Tokmakov, K. V., Torres, C., Torrie, C., Traylor, G., Trias, M., Tyler, W., Ugolini, D., Ulmen, J., Urbanek, K., Vahlbruch, H., Van Den Broeck, Chris ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6800-4006, van der Sluys, M., Vass, S., Vaulin, R., Vecchio, A., Veitch, John, Veitch, P., Villar, A., Vorvick, C., Vyatchanin, S. P., Waldman, S. J., Wallace, L., Ward, H., Ward, R., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A., Weiss, R., Wen, S., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., Whitcomb, S. E., Whiting, B. F., Wilkinson, C., Willems, P. A., Williams, H. R., Williams, L., Willke, B., Wilmut, I., Winkler, W., Wipf, C. C., Wiseman, A. G., Woan, G., Wooley, R., Worden, J., Wu, W., Yakushin, I., Yamamoto, H., Yan, Z., Yoshida, S., Zanolin, M., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhao, C., Zotov, N., Zucker, M. and Zweizig, J. 2009. Observation of a kilogram-scale oscillator near its quantum ground state. New Journal of Physics 11 (7) , 073032. 10.1088/1367-2630/11/7/073032

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Abstract

We introduce a novel cooling technique capable of approaching the quantum ground state of a kilogram-scale system—an interferometric gravitational wave detector. The detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) operate within a factor of 10 of the standard quantum limit (SQL), providing a displacement sensitivity of 10−18 m in a 100 Hz band centered on 150 Hz. With a new feedback strategy, we dynamically shift the resonant frequency of a 2.7 kg pendulum mode to lie within this optimal band, where its effective temperature falls as low as 1.4 μK, and its occupation number reaches about 200 quanta. This work shows how the exquisite sensitivity necessary to detect gravitational waves can be made available to probe the validity of quantum mechanics on an enormous mass scale.

Item Type: Article
Date Type: Publication
Status: Published
Schools: Physics and Astronomy
Subjects: Q Science > QB Astronomy
Publisher: IOP Publishing: Open Access Journals / Institute of Physics (IoP) and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft
ISSN: 1367-2630
Last Modified: 11 Oct 2023 22:03
URI: https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/22535

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