Site-selective direct arylation of unprotected adenine nucleosides mediated by palladium and copper: insights into the reaction mechanism

Storr, T. E., Firth, A. G., Wilson, Karen, Darley, K., Baumann, C. G. and Fairlamb, I. J. S. 2008. Site-selective direct arylation of unprotected adenine nucleosides mediated by palladium and copper: insights into the reaction mechanism. Tetrahedron 64 (26) , pp. 6125-6137. 10.1016/j.tet.2008.01.062

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Abstract

Reaction conditions facilitating the site-selective direct aryl functionalisation at the C-8 position of adenine nucleosides have been identified. Many different aromatic components may be effectively cross-coupled to provide a diverse array of arylated adenine nucleoside products without the need for ribose or adenine protecting groups. The optimal palladium catalyst loading lies between 0.5 and 5 mol %. Addition of excess mercury to the reaction had a negligible affect on catalysis, suggesting the involvement of a homogeneous catalytic species. A study by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that metal containing nanoparticles, ca. 3 nm with good uniformity, are formed during the latter stages of the reaction. Stabilised PVP palladium colloids (PVP¼N-polyvinylpyrrolidone) are catalytically active in the direct arylation process, releasing homogenous palladium into solution. The effect of various substituted 2-pyridine ligand additives has been investigated. A mechanism for the site-selective arylation of adenosine is proposed.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Chemistry Cardiff Catalysis Institute (CCI)
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Direct arylation ; Purines ; CeC Bond formation ; Palladium; Copper(I) salts.
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISSN:	1464-5416
Last Modified:	19 Mar 2016 22:21
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/12955

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