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Novel myopia genes and pathways identified from syndromic forms of myopia

Flitcroft, D. I., Loughman, J., Wildsoet, C. F., Williams, C., Consortium, Cream and Guggenheim, Jeremy ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5164-340X 2018. Novel myopia genes and pathways identified from syndromic forms of myopia. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 59 (1) , pp. 338-348. 10.1167/iovs.17-22173

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Abstract

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that genes known to cause clinical syndromes featuring myopia also harbor polymorphisms contributing to nonsyndromic refractive errors. Methods: Clinical phenotypes and syndromes that have refractive errors as a recognized feature were identified using the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. One hundred fifty-four unique causative genes were identified, of which 119 were specifically linked with myopia and 114 represented syndromic myopia (i.e., myopia and at least one other clinical feature). Myopia was the only refractive error listed for 98 genes and hyperopia and the only refractive error noted for 28 genes, with the remaining 28 genes linked to phenotypes with multiple forms of refractive error. Pathway analysis was carried out to find biological processes overrepresented within these sets of genes. Genetic variants located within 50 kb of the 119 myopia-related genes were evaluated for involvement in refractive error by analysis of summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted by the CREAM Consortium and 23andMe, using both single-marker and gene-based tests. Results: Pathway analysis identified several biological processes already implicated in refractive error development through prior GWAS analyses and animal studies, including extracellular matrix remodeling, focal adhesion, and axon guidance, supporting the research hypothesis. Novel pathways also implicated in myopia development included mannosylation, glycosylation, lens development, gliogenesis, and Schwann cell differentiation. Hyperopia was found to be linked to a different pattern of biological processes, mostly related to organogenesis. Comparison with GWAS findings further confirmed that syndromic myopia genes were enriched for genetic variants that influence refractive errors in the general population. Gene-based analyses implicated 21 novel candidate myopia genes (ADAMTS18, ADAMTS2, ADAMTSL4, AGK, ALDH18A1, ASXL1, COL4A1, COL9A2, ERBB3, FBN1, GJA1, GNPTG, IFIH1, KIF11, LTBP2, OCA2, POLR3B, POMT1, PTPN11, TFAP2A, ZNF469). Conclusions: Common genetic variants within or nearby genes that cause syndromic myopia are enriched for variants that cause nonsyndromic, common myopia. Analysis of syndromic forms of refractive errors can provide new insights into the etiology of myopia and additional potential targets for therapeutic interventions.

Item Type: Article
Date Type: Publication
Status: Published
Schools: Optometry and Vision Sciences
Advanced Research Computing @ Cardiff (ARCCA)
Publisher: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
ISSN: 0146-0404
Funders: Wellcome Trust ISSF
Date of First Compliant Deposit: 23 October 2017
Date of Acceptance: 18 October 2017
Last Modified: 06 May 2023 20:30
URI: https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/105807

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